Cell Research

Osteoarthritis is a major cause of chronic pain, but almost no one knows the molecular mechanism and the mediation osteoarthritis related joint pain. Therefore, treatment still shortage and joint replacement usually is inevitable. Here, we use a surgical model mice, and caught the long-term development of the osteoarthritis longitudinal evaluation pain related behavior and concomitant change in the dominant dorsal root ganglion (DRG). We prove monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP), 1 (the CCL2) and its high affinity receptor, chemokine (c-c theme) receptor 2 (CCR2), is the core of the development of pain associated with osteoarthritis of the knee. The instability of the medial meniscus, laboratory mice early onset secondary mechanical allodynia, maintain 16 weeks. MCP 1 and CCR2 messenger RNA, proteins, and signal activity is temporary raised in eight weeks after surgery DRG control. The results and the movement of the statement caused pain behavior, this is to keep 16 weeks. Mice lack of Ccr2 also developed mechanical allodynia, but it began to solve from eight weeks. Despite the severe pain and structural knee damage equal to the wild type mice, mice Ccr2 - null did not develop sports pain behavior in eight weeks. In the wild type mice, macrophage infiltration to eight weeks of DRG, this is through the surgery keep 16 weeks. In contrast, macrophage infiltration not observed Ccr2 - null mice. These observations suggest a key role MCP 1 / CCR2 ways to establish osteoarthritis pain.

Food allergy (FA) is frequent in 8% of children under 3 years old and about 2% of adults. Chemokine is involved in all kinds of allergies such as fa. The purpose of this study is to determine the CCL2, CCL5, CCL11 level in the fa cup. The study population cross-sectional study contains 63 patients suffering from the fa cup and 100 healthy controls. The concentration of the CCL2, CCL5, CCL11, IgE measurement using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Use Kathy Ι eosinophils number cell count + analyzer system model SCAREF system GmbH. Is considered to be an important difference, P < 0.05. The results show that the number of FA patients significantly increased than cycle without disease control peripheral eosinophil. The fa patients serum immunoglobulin e level is higher than the control. We also show that serum CCL2 and CCL11 was significant increase in the fa, but compared with patients who CCL5 not detectable control. The results of this study showed that two CCL11 CCL2, more elevated FA children with allergic reaction and urticaria than bronchial asthma and allergic dermatitis. These results also show that more level of increase and CCL11 CCL2 observation after consumption of milk and pistachios. Overall, the results suggest that serum CCL2 and CCL11 rise FA and these may be considered useful parameters in the diagnosis of the disorder. Still can design treatment on the basis of, through the application block chemokine expression antibody they overcome allergic patients with complications in the fa.

Allele expression imbalance (AEI) is a kind of important genetic factor is the difference of the phenotypic traits, can genetic. The study can be used to find factors that regulate gene expression molecular mechanism, which is helpful to understand the bottom phenotypic change. Although it is generally accepted in many species, and we know that many genes show allele expression imbalance, this kind of phenomenon is not large scale study in cattle. Use pyrophosphoric acid sequencing technology method we analyzed a group of 29 cattle genes in order to find the favorable allele expression. The study investigated in three organization: liver, pituitary and kindey. From the research group of genes and their mineral wax (leptin), IGF2 (insulin-like growth factor 2), the CCL2 (chemokine carbon-carbon bond pattern ligand 2) display allelic expression is not balanced.

Alpha thrombin of serine protease is a kind of protein, can be used as the blood coagulation cascade. Thrombin procoagulant itself is a differences, fibrinogen make fibrin clot, but thrombin - thrombomodulin (TM) complicated start anticoagulation path, through the crack protein c. TM fragment of only the fifth and sixth egf like domain (TM56) enough to bind thrombin, but there are also the fourth egf like domain (TM456) induced vital anticoagulant activity of thrombin. Crystallography of thrombin - TM456 complex and not found in the thrombin bring significant structural change, this shows that TM4 may only provide a scaffold best calibration of protein C for the cleavage, thrombin. However, all kinds of experimental data show that exist TM4 may affect the dynamic properties of the active site cycle. In the present work, we use two traditional and accelerate the molecular dynamics simulation method is used to study the dynamic characteristics of the structure, thrombin of thrombin: TM56, thrombin: TM456 in a wide range of time scales. Two different but related allosteric way, while determining mediation pro - and anticoagulant blood clotting enzyme activity. A allosteric way, at the same time, present in the thrombin: TM56 and blood coagulation enzyme: TM456, direct connection TM5 domain of thrombin active site. Other allosteric path, which only appears in the slow time scale exist TM4 domain, including prolong the network related action connection TM4 and TM5 domain and active site cycle of thrombin.

Traumatic hemorrhage is stopped by a hemostatic plug formation, is from a complicated nonlinear and space heterogeneous network proteolytic enzyme biochemical called blood coagulation. We study the spatial dynamic thrombin, the enzyme this network, by developing a fluorogenic substrate to establish methods and space to solve imaging time, thrombin enzyme activity. Clotting stimulation, immobilized tissue factor induced localized clotting enzyme activities of the impulse, in space propagation, have all the characteristics of a tourist excitation wave: constant space velocity, constant amplitude and ignore the initial stimulus once more than activation threshold value. This wave parameters by phospholipid availability or platelet, wave not form in the plasma from type A hemophiliac factors or C lack of viii and XI, the two main mediators condensation positive feedback. Stimulation of the negative feedback of protein C ways and thrombomodulin produce nonstationary model of wave form followed by reduction and destruction. This suggests that the blood can be used as an emotional media, in tourism wave after wave of solidification.

Build a sensitive electrochemical aptamer sensor (aptasensor) to thrombin detection is described. In the use of the advantages of the equipment based on micro electrode the possibility of work with small sample capacity and enjoy faster mass transit interest rates and low interfacial capacitance than in macroelectrodes. Therefore, gold disk microelectrode array is an attractive sensor selection aptasensors. The morphology of the gold disk array microelectrode is through scanning electron microscopy. The interaction between, thrombin of clotting aptamer in gold disk microelectrode array is differential pulse voltammetry proved that using methylene blue (MB) as a kind of electrochemical indicator. MB adsorption to the aptamers through their guanine base. Introduces the thrombin, it replaced the MB adsorption to the aptamers and bound to them. This leads to reduce MB peak current is also related to concentration of thrombin in a dynamic range across from 10 (5) to 10 (- 12) M. This method can selectively detection thrombin linear and detection limit for 0.143 points.